Mauritania is located in a moderate point among Sahara, North and Western Africa. Through archaeological research, a better understanding of the human past life during prehistory in Mauritania can be accomplished, which is considered a remarkable example as Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Chalcolithic are represented.

 Neolithic life can be traced through the evidence: archaeological remains, cultural materials, fauna, flora, and rock art in different regions in Mauritania: Sahel Region: Nouakchott, Argin Basin where marine settlement middens, Western Mauritania: continuous human settlements in Khatt Lematig, South Eastern Mauritania: Tichitt and Walatta Dhars which is considered as a later Neolithic human settlement adopted Millet cultivation, in addition to numerous rock art stations all over Mauritania. 

Mauritania The paper aims to highlight the Neolithic lifestyle and human adaption characteristics in Mauritania based on the available archaeological resources as an example of the Neolithic human occupation as an example of the human occupation in Western Sahara during Neolithic.